This achievement standard involves knowledge and understanding of phenomena, concepts, principles and/or relationships related to translational; circular and rotational; and simple harmonic motion; and the use of appropriate methods to solve related problems.

Translational Motion

• Centre of mass (1 and 2 dimensions)
• conservation of momentum and impulse (2 dimensions only)

Circular and Rotational Motion

• Velocity and acceleration of, and resultant force on, objects moving in a circle under the influence of 2 or more forces, eg banked corners, vertical circles
• Newton’s Law of gravitation
• satellite motion
• Rotational motion with constant angular speed and with constant angular acceleration
• torque
• rotational inertia
• angular momentum
• rotational kinetic energy
• conservation of angular momentum
• conservation of energy

Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM)

• Displacement; velocity; acceleration
• time and frequency of a particle undergoing SHM
• forced SHM
• resonance
• the reference circle
• phasors
• conservation of energy.