{"id":2836,"date":"2024-05-22T12:05:26","date_gmt":"2024-05-22T00:05:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.otago.ac.nz\/ouassa\/?p=2836"},"modified":"2024-06-06T16:01:10","modified_gmt":"2024-06-06T04:01:10","slug":"deep","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.otago.ac.nz\/ouassa\/deep\/","title":{"rendered":"Deep Fake: The Ingenuity and  the Implications"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #333333;font-style: normal;font-weight: 300\">U<\/span><span style=\"color: #333333;font-style: normal;font-weight: 300\">nder\u00a0 the theme of &#8221;\u00a0<\/span><em style=\"color: #333333;font-weight: 300\">The truth is out there but can you find it?<\/em><span style=\"color: #333333;font-style: normal;font-weight: 300\">&#8221;\u00a0 there is perhaps nothing more\u00a0 frighteningly ingeneous than the rise of\u00a0 `Deep Fake&#8217;<a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.otago.ac.nz\/ouassa\/files\/2024\/05\/Deep-fake-image-for-blog-TVNZ.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-thumbnail wp-image-2849\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.otago.ac.nz\/ouassa\/files\/2024\/05\/Deep-fake-image-for-blog-TVNZ-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>&#8216;`Deep Fake&#8217;.<\/strong><\/em>&#8211;<em>&#8220;an image or recording that has been convincingly altered and manipulated to misrepresent someone as doing or saying something that was not actually done or said.<\/em>&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>See:\u00a0<a style=\"font-style: normal;font-weight: 300\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=gsv1OsCEad0\">How Machine Learning Drives the Deceptive World of Deepfakes<\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333;font-style: normal;font-weight: 300\">Aside from malicious purposes like spreading misinformation, stealing identities and pushing propaganda, in the context of science communication `Deep Fake&#8217;\u00a0 technology opens the potential\u00a0 for undermining important public\u00a0 health science initiatives\u00a0 and misrepresenting\u00a0 scientific research findings\u00a0 especially those that rely\u00a0 on significant\u00a0 levels of public\/political\u00a0 support.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>They could also pose\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC9122956\/\">a new threat to image fabrication in scientific publications<\/a><\/p>\n<p>One of the most famous examples of Deep Fake\u00a0 involved\u00a0 former\u00a0 president Nixon\u00a0 delivering a\u00a0 speech\u00a0 on an\u00a0 Apollo 11 Mission failure.\u00a0 While\u00a0 a speech was written\u00a0 at the in the event\u00a0 the mission did fail it was never needed, nor was it ever recorded. The Deepfake video was produced at MIT for educational purposes.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333;font-style: normal;font-weight: 300\">And there have been many other examples of Deep Fakes involving past and present politicians.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Check it out <a href=\"https:\/\/moondisaster.org\/\">here<\/a>\u00a0 along with\u00a0 some interesting background as to why they did it and further exploration of the Deepfake phenomenon.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/moondisaster.org\/\">Former President Nixon delivering speech on Apollo 11 mission failure\u00a0<\/a><\/p>\n<p>So how do you spot a `Deep Fake&#8217;\u00a0 \u00a0image or video. Badly <span style=\"color: #333333;font-style: normal;font-weight: 300\">made Deep Fake videos can be fairly easy to pick\u00a0 but identifying higher-quality Deep Fakes\u00a0 is not so easy and\u00a0 advances in technology is making it much more difficult.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 300\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Classic tips are:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Eye movements that don\u2019t look natural\u00a0<\/strong> esp\u00a0 an absence of blinking<\/li>\n<li><strong>Facial-features that look a bit off &#8211;<\/strong>Lack of facial movement that mirrors the\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0emotions of what is being said &#8211; <span style=\"color: #333333;font-style: normal;font-weight: 300\">\u201cfacial morphing\u201d that is off<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong>Awkward-looking body, posture or movement<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong style=\"color: #333333;font-style: normal\">Blurring or misalignment around edges of face, body<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Strange skin tone, discolouration, weird lighting, and misplaced shadows\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Hair and teeth that look too &#8216;perfect&#8217;- <\/strong>no flyaway hair or outlines of\u00a0 teeth .<\/li>\n<li><strong><span style=\"color: #333333;font-style: normal\">Poor audio<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 300\">\u00a0 <\/span><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><span style=\"color: #333333;font-style: normal;font-weight: 300\">bad lip-syncing, metallic sounding voices,weird word pronunciation.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong>Zoom in and\/or slow down image video on large monitor<\/strong>. Focus on the lips\u00a0 to check\u00a0 for poor lip synching.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Reverse image searches<\/strong>. Grab\u00a0 an individual frame from video\u00a0 and do a reverse image search on Google (see earlier blog) .This can help find\u00a0 similar videos online to help determine if an image, audio, or video has been altered in any way.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>See also the following online tools:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/tineye.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">TinEye,<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.invid-project.eu\/tools-and-services\/invid-verification-plugin\/\">InVid Verification Plugin,<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalbusinessjournalism.com\/post\/6-ai-tools-that-can-help-you-combat-deepfakes\">Six tools that can help you combat deepfakes<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>If you want to test your own ability to detect Deep Fake images\u00a0 check out:<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/detectfakes.kellogg.northwestern.edu\/\">Detect Fakes &#8211; North Western University Kellogg School of Management Project<\/a><\/p>\n<p>And their research paper:<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/doi\/10.1073\/pnas.2110013119\"> Deep Fake detection by human crowds, machines, and machine-informed crowds\u00a0<\/a><\/p>\n<p>However, researchers believe that in\u00a0 the very near future\u00a0 Deep Fakes will be so advanced\u00a0 the\u00a0 mentioned above will be overcome and that critical thinking\u00a0 skills\u00a0 like those we have <span style=\"color: #333333;font-style: normal;font-weight: 300\">\u00a0explored in previous blog posts<\/span><span style=\"color: #333333;font-style: normal;font-weight: 300\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 300\">will become of paramount importance. Such as asking ourselves questions like:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Is\u00a0 what happened in video something believable ( esp in the context of the person portrayed?<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>It what he\/she saying\u00a0 in line with what they have said before?<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>What is the reliability of the source where was this video was\u00a0 published?<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Has any major major newspaper \/reliable news source also mentioned the video?<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>There are of course positive applications of recent advances in Deep Fake technology:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Recasting movies using other actors, or younger versions of the same actor.<\/li>\n<li>Education \u2013 Bringing history to life in new ways. e.g <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dezeen.com\/2019\/05\/24\/salvador-dali-deepfake-dali-musuem-florida\/\">The Dal\u00ed Museum in St Petersburg, Florida has used a controversial artificial intelligence technique to &#8220;bring the master of surrealism back to life&#8221;.<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Educating people in a more interactive way by automatically generating lecture videos from text-based content or audio narration.<\/li>\n<li>Health and disabilities-\u00a0 Help patients who have lost motor, speech or visual abilities\u00a0<span style=\"color: #333333;font-style: normal;font-weight: 300\">through neurogenerative disease or injury<\/span> communicate better.<\/li>\n<li>Media and communications &#8211; Better\u00a0 voice transfer and lip-syncing algorithms can could give\u00a0 media correspondents the ability to easily translate and dub recorded messages into a foreign language more quickly\u00a0 bringing important messages to an international audience.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>One thing is for sure Deep Fake is here to stay.<\/p>\n<p>So keep those critical thinking skills honed and apply them regularly while surfing the web and social media.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Under\u00a0 the theme of &#8221;\u00a0The truth is out there but can you find it?&#8221;\u00a0 there is perhaps nothing more\u00a0 frighteningly ingeneous than the rise of\u00a0 `Deep Fake&#8217; &#8216;`Deep Fake&#8217;.&#8211;&#8220;an image or recording that has been convincingly altered and manipulated to &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.otago.ac.nz\/ouassa\/deep\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5718,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[473,15,436],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2836","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-for-teachers","category-general","category-science-communication"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.otago.ac.nz\/ouassa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2836","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.otago.ac.nz\/ouassa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.otago.ac.nz\/ouassa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.otago.ac.nz\/ouassa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5718"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.otago.ac.nz\/ouassa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2836"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.otago.ac.nz\/ouassa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2836\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.otago.ac.nz\/ouassa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2836"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.otago.ac.nz\/ouassa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2836"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.otago.ac.nz\/ouassa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2836"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}