{"id":108,"date":"2020-03-12T18:00:43","date_gmt":"2020-03-12T05:00:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.otago.ac.nz\/anthnav\/?page_id=108"},"modified":"2021-05-06T14:35:51","modified_gmt":"2021-05-06T02:35:51","slug":"communicating","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/blogs.otago.ac.nz\/anthnav\/practicing-social-anthropology\/communicating\/","title":{"rendered":"Communicating like a Social Anthropologist"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Social anthropologists have the tricky task of communicating knowledge about complex cultural and social lifeworlds.<\/p>\n<p>In some fundamental ways \u201cAnthropology is a writing discipline\u201d, as Carol McGranahan discusses in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dukeupress.edu\/writing-anthropology\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">this book <\/a>(just click &#8216;read the introduction&#8217;). This is because writing has long been part of the <i>process<\/i>, as well as the <i>product<\/i>, of social anthropology. However, film, photography, and other creative mediums can be a wonderful part of the process of communicating anthropological knowledge too &#8211; and also have a long history in the discipline.<\/p>\n<p>Below we explore some of styles of writing anthropologists get up to, as well as some of the other mediums for communicating ethnographic knowledge.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h1><\/h1>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h1>Writing<\/h1>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>When social anthropologists write about a culture, community, or society, it is called an \u2018<a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.otago.ac.nz\/anthnav\/practicing-social-anthropology\/researching-like-a-social-anthropologist\/\"><strong>ethnography<\/strong><\/a>\u2019 (which, somewhat confusingly, is both the name of the type of fieldwork social anthropologists do, <i>and <\/i>the texts they produce). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.discoveranthropology.org.uk\/for-teachers\/teaching-resources\/ethnographies.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">This page<\/a> gives a great 3-paragraph intro to what an ethnography typically looks like, as a text, and why they are useful.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.otago.ac.nz\/anthnav\/files\/2020\/03\/notebook2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-199\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.otago.ac.nz\/anthnav\/files\/2020\/03\/notebook2-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.otago.ac.nz\/anthnav\/files\/2020\/03\/notebook2-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blogs.otago.ac.nz\/anthnav\/files\/2020\/03\/notebook2-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.otago.ac.nz\/anthnav\/files\/2020\/03\/notebook2-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.otago.ac.nz\/anthnav\/files\/2020\/03\/notebook2-450x300.jpg 450w, https:\/\/blogs.otago.ac.nz\/anthnav\/files\/2020\/03\/notebook2.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>However, not all ethnographies are alike. Writing produced by social anthropologists has changed over time, and been shaped by different ideas and different fields, from a very scientific \u2018realist\u2019 form involving detailed descriptions, with a distanced, objective voice; to more evocative, \u2018impressionist\u2019 descriptions of a place and peoples; to narrative-driven \u2018confessional\u2019 tales that make visible the writer\/anthropologist\u2019s own struggles, mistakes and triumphs, as part of the story. These three \u2018<strong>genres<\/strong>\u2019 of writing were described by American professor <a href=\"http:\/\/www.raulpacheco.org\/2016\/08\/tales-of-the-field-on-writing-ethnography-van-maanen-2011\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">John Van Maanen<\/a>. There are other ways of thinking about our writing though, and the important thing to note is that many forms of anthropological writing co-exist today. This useful <a href=\"http:\/\/miamioh.edu\/hcwe\/disciplinary-writing\/anthropology\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">web page<\/a> briefly lays out some of the things that social anthropology values in writing, no matter the style\/genre.<\/p>\n<p>This <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/321943162_'Start_By_Telling_Your_Own_Story'_On_Becoming_An_Anthropologist_and_Performing_Anthropology\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">recent book chapter<\/a>, by Italian anthropologist Franca Tamasari, also deeply discusses reflexive practices as part of writing.<\/p>\n<p>Below we explore some of the forms in which ethnographic writing can be presented and shared.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><\/h4>\n\t\t<style>\r\n\t#wps_accordion_pro_305{\r\n\t\toverflow:hidden;\r\n\t\tdisplay:block;\r\n\t\twidth:100%;\r\n\t\tmargin-bottom:30px;\r\n\t}\r\n\t#accordion_pro_305 .wpsm_panel-title {\r\n\t\tmargin-top: 0px !important;\r\n\t\tmargin-bottom: 0px !important;\r\n\t\tpadding-top: 0px !important;\r\n\t\tpadding-bottom: 0px !important;\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t#accordion_pro_305 .wpsm_panel-title > a{\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\tborder-bottom: 0px !important;\r\n\t\ttext-decoration:none !important;\r\n\t\toutline: none !important;\r\n\t\tbox-shadow:none !important;\r\n\t}\r\n\t#accordion_pro_305 .ac_title_icon{\r\n\t\tmargin-right:8px;\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\/* css files *\/\r\n\t#accordion_pro_305 a:hover, #accordion_pro_305 a:focus{\r\n    outline: none !important;\r\n    text-decoration: none !important;\r\n}\r\n#accordion_pro_305 .wpsm_panel{\r\n    border:none !important;\r\n    border-radius:40px !important;\r\n}\r\n#accordion_pro_305 .wpsm_panel-title {\r\n\t\r\n\tfont-size:18px !important;\r\n}\r\n#accordion_pro_305 .wpsm_panel-heading{\r\n    padding:0 !important;\r\n    background: transparent !important;\r\n}\r\n#accordion_pro_305 .wpsm_panel-title a{\r\n    display: block !important;\r\n    position: relative !important;\r\n    padding:15px 45px 15px 50px !important;\r\n    text-transform:none !important;\r\n    background:#7a189b !important;\r\n    color:#ffffff !important;\r\n    border-radius:100px !important;\r\n    font-weight: bolder !important;\r\n   transition:all 0.10s linear 0s;\r\n\ttext-decoration:none !important;\r\n\tbox-shadow:none !important;\r\n\tline-height:1.5 !important;\r\n\tfont-weight:500 !important;\r\n}\r\n#accordion_pro_305 .wpsm_panel-title a > i{\r\n\tcolor:#ffffff !important;\r\n\ttransition:all 0.10s linear 0s;\r\n}\r\n#accordion_pro_305 .wpsm_panel-title > a > .ac_title_img_icon{\r\n    \twidth: 18px !important;\r\n\theight: 18px !important;\r\n\tvertical-align: middle !important;\r\n\tmargin-left: 0 !important;\r\n\tmargin-top: 0 !important;\r\n\tmargin-bottom: 0 !important;\r\n}\r\n#accordion_pro_305 .wpsm_panel-title a.collapsed{\r\n    background:#ffffff !important;\r\n    color:#000000 !important;\r\n}\r\n#accordion_pro_305 .wpsm_panel-title a.collapsed > i{\r\n     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color:#000000 !important;\r\n\tfont-size:16px !important;\r\n\tline-height: 26px !important;\r\n}\r\n#accordion_pro_305 .wpsm_panel-body p{\r\n\tcolor:#000000 !important;\r\n\tfont-size:16px !important;\r\n\tline-height: 26px !important;\r\n}\r\n#accordion_pro_305 .wpsm_panel-title p{\r\n    display: block !important;\r\n    position: relative !important;\r\n    padding:15px 45px 15px 50px !important;\r\n    text-transform:none !important;\r\n    background:#7a189b !important;\r\n    border-radius:100px !important;\r\n    color:#ffffff !important;\r\n    font-weight: bolder !important;\r\n   transition:all 0.10s linear 0s;\r\n\ttext-decoration:none !important;\r\n\tbox-shadow:none !important;\r\n\tline-height:1.5 !important;\r\n\tfont-weight:500 !important;\r\n}\r\n#accordion_pro_305 .wpsm_panel-title p{\r\n    background:#ffffff !important;\r\n    color:#000000 !important;\r\n}\r\n#offset_305 .wpsm_panel-title > p{\r\n\tmargin-bottom: 0;\r\n\tmargin-top: 0;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t#accordion_pro_305 .wpsm_panel-title a, #accordion_pro_305 .wpsm_panel-title a:hover, #accordion_pro_305 .wpsm_panel-title a.collapsed, #accordion_pro_305 .wpsm_panel-title a.collapsed:hover {\r\n\t\t\t\tbackground-image: url(https:\/\/blogs.otago.ac.nz\/anthnav\/wp-content\/plugins\/accordion-pro\/assets\/images\/style-glass.png) !important;\r\n\t\t\t\tbackground-position: 0 50%;\r\n\t\t\t\tbackground-repeat: repeat-x;\r\n\t\t\t}\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n   \t\r\n\t\/* open close icon option *\/\r\n\t\t\r\n\t#accordion_pro_305 .wpsm_panel {\r\n\t\tbackground-color:transparent !important;\r\n\t\t\t\t\tmargin-bottom:10px !important;\r\n\t\t\t\tmargin-top:0px !important;\r\n\t}\r\n\t#accordion_pro_305 .collapsing {\r\n\t\ttransition: height 0.6s;\r\n\t}\r\n\t#accordion_pro_305 .wpsm_panel-body_inner{\r\n\t\toverflow:hidden;\r\n\t\tdisplay:block;\r\n\t\t\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t\t#accordion_pro_305 .wpsm_panel-body{\r\n\t\tfont-family:Arial !important;\r\n\t}\r\n\t#accordion_pro_305 .wpsm_panel-title a{\r\n\t\tfont-family:Arial !important;\r\n\t}\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\r\n\t#search_305{\r\n\t    margin: 40px 0px;\r\n\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t    padding: 15px 12px;\r\n\t    border-radius: 3px;\r\n\t    border: 1px solid #e5e5e5 !important;\r\n\t    background: #fafafa !important;\r\n\t}\r\n\t#search_305.search_dark{\r\n    background: #464646 !important;\r\n    color: #fff !important;\r\n\t}\r\n\t#search_305.search_dark::placeholder{\r\n\t\tcolor: #d3d3d3;\r\n\t}\r\n\r\n\t\t\r\n\t<\/style>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t<div id=\"wps_accordion_pro_305\"  >\r\n\t\t\t  <div class=\"noresults_305 wpsm_panel-group\" style=\"display: none;\" id=\"accordion_pro_305\" role=\"tablist\" aria-multiselectable=\"true\">\r\n\t\t  \t<div class=\"wpsm_panel panel\" id=\"offset_305\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpsm_panel-heading\" role=\"tab\" id=\"heading_305\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"wpsm_panel-title\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>No Result<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<div class=\"wpsm_panel-group\" id=\"accordion_pro_305\" role=\"tablist\" aria-multiselectable=\"true\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpsm_panel panel wpsm_panel-default\" id=\"offset_305_1\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpsm_panel-heading\" role=\"tab\" id=\"heading_305_1\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"wpsm_panel-title\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a  role=\"button\"  data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion_pro_305\" href=\"#collapse_305_1\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"collapse_305_1\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fa fa-book ac_title_icon\"><\/i> \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tEthnographic Novels\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"collapse_305_1\" class=\"wpsm_panel-collapse collapse in\" role=\"tabwpsm_panel\" aria-labelledby=\"heading_305_1\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpsm_panel-body\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"#wpsm_acc_desc_305_1\" class=\"wpsm_panel-body_inner  animated fadeIn\"><div id=\"attachment_301\" style=\"width: 218px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.otago.ac.nz\/anthnav\/files\/2020\/05\/Hurston-Zora-Neale-LOC.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-301\" class=\"wp-image-301 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.otago.ac.nz\/anthnav\/files\/2020\/05\/Hurston-Zora-Neale-LOC-208x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"208\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.otago.ac.nz\/anthnav\/files\/2020\/05\/Hurston-Zora-Neale-LOC-208x300.jpg 208w, https:\/\/blogs.otago.ac.nz\/anthnav\/files\/2020\/05\/Hurston-Zora-Neale-LOC.jpg 408w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 208px) 100vw, 208px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-301\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Zora Neale Hurston (Unknown author\/Public domain. Source: Wikimedia Commons\/Library of Congress)<\/p><\/div>\r\n\r\nSome anthropologists use their ethnographic research to inform their creative or fictional writing.\r\n\r\n <br \/>\r\n <br \/>\r\n\r\nOne such anthropologist is Zora Neale Hurston, who was a prolific novelist and (as described in a <a href=\"http:\/\/afa.americananthro.org\/zora-neale-hurston\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">bio<\/a> by the Association for Feminist Anthropology, 2020) an accomplished journalist and playwright.\r\n\r\n <br \/>\r\n <br \/>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.zoranealehurston.com\/books\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">This webpage<\/a> showcases some of her books, both fictional and non-fictional.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpsm_panel panel wpsm_panel-default\" id=\"offset_305_2\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpsm_panel-heading\" role=\"tab\" id=\"heading_305_2\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"wpsm_panel-title\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a  role=\"button\" class=collapsed data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion_pro_305\" href=\"#collapse_305_2\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"collapse_305_2\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fa fa-pencil ac_title_icon\"><\/i> \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tEthnographic Poetry\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"collapse_305_2\" class=\"wpsm_panel-collapse collapse \" role=\"tabwpsm_panel\" aria-labelledby=\"heading_305_2\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpsm_panel-body\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"#wpsm_acc_desc_305_2\" class=\"wpsm_panel-body_inner  animated fadeIn\">Poems can be a way of both describing and evoking aspects of human experience, and thus they share some of the goals of ethnography.\r\n\r\n <br \/>\r\n <br \/>\r\n\r\n<div id=\"attachment_361\" style=\"width: 227px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.otago.ac.nz\/anthnav\/files\/2020\/05\/Screen-Shot-2020-05-19-at-4.35.01-PM.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-361\" class=\" wp-image-361\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.otago.ac.nz\/anthnav\/files\/2020\/05\/Screen-Shot-2020-05-19-at-4.35.01-PM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"217\" height=\"652\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-361\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Poem by Michael Jackson. Source: http:\/\/www.poetlaureate.org.nz\/2014\/10\/michael-jackson.html<\/p><\/div>\r\nAnthropologists, using ethnographic methods to gather data, sometimes use poems to tell stories about the people and communities they have worked with (often within or alongside more standard academic forms of publication).\r\n\r\n <br \/>\r\n <br \/>\r\n\r\n\r\nPoetry can enable people to reach into intangible parts of human experience that academic writing isn't always adequate to express.\r\n\r\n\r\n <br \/>\r\n <br \/>\r\n\r\nDrawing from ethnographic data can bring a richness of both detail and context to a poem. But anthropologists can also use poems to reflect on their own experiences in the field (and in wider life). This poem called 'Fieldwork' (left) by <a href=\"http:\/\/www.poetlaureate.org.nz\/2014\/10\/michael-jackson.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">New Zealand anthropologist and poet Michael Jackson<\/a>, is an example which does both.\r\n\r\n <br \/>\r\n <br \/>\r\n\r\n\r\nAs with many things, there are often debates about what makes a poem 'ethnographic'. This <a href=\"https:\/\/allegralaboratory.net\/ethnographic-poetry-a-conversation-with-ather-zia\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">transcribed interview with Professor Ather Zia<\/a>, who writes ethnographic poetry, covers this question, and lots more about the genre as well.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpsm_panel panel wpsm_panel-default\" id=\"offset_305_3\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpsm_panel-heading\" role=\"tab\" id=\"heading_305_3\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"wpsm_panel-title\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a  role=\"button\" class=collapsed data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion_pro_305\" href=\"#collapse_305_3\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"collapse_305_3\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fa fa-user ac_title_icon\"><\/i> \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAutoethnography\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"collapse_305_3\" class=\"wpsm_panel-collapse collapse \" role=\"tabwpsm_panel\" aria-labelledby=\"heading_305_3\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpsm_panel-body\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"#wpsm_acc_desc_305_3\" class=\"wpsm_panel-body_inner  animated fadeIn\">As indicated by its name, <strong>autoethnography <\/strong>is part ethnography, part autobiography. In an autoethnography, the goals of ethnographic research are still the same (i.e. richly contextualised data) but the writer's own life experiences are fundamental to the text.\r\n\r\n <br \/>\r\n\r\n<div id=\"attachment_439\" style=\"width: 369px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.otago.ac.nz\/anthnav\/files\/2020\/05\/Collage.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-439\" class=\"wp-image-439\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.otago.ac.nz\/anthnav\/files\/2020\/05\/Collage.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"359\" height=\"472\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-439\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Autoethnography: cultural analysis through personal narrative. Image Title: NoName#6 Acrylique collage et encaustique sur toile, 2017. Image source: Fpoiriernkpa \/ CC BY-SA (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0)<\/p><\/div>\r\n\r\n <br \/>\r\n\r\nThe text of an autoethnography is usually written in first-person, with the author's own self considered an 'object' of analysis - in other words, they are a participant in their own research project. Their self-narrative is inseparable from their cultural analysis. This does not mean other people\/participants are absent - the lives and stories of other people are told through the author's story.\r\n\r\n <br \/>\r\n\r\n <br \/>\r\n\r\nAutoethnographies sometimes contest ideas of what makes scientific research 'valid', blurring the lines between <strong>objectivity<\/strong> and <strong>subjectivity<\/strong> (something we touch on in our <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.otago.ac.nz\/anthnav\/practicing-social-anthropology\/researching-like-a-social-anthropologist\/\">researching <\/a>section under <strong>Positionality<\/strong>).\r\n\r\nYou can find a bit more of an overview <a href=\"https:\/\/www.oxfordbibliographies.com\/view\/document\/obo-9780199766567\/obo-9780199766567-0162.xml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">on this webpage.<\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\t\r\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\">\r\n\r\n\t\tjQuery(document).ready(function(){\r\n\t  jQuery('.noresults_305').hide();\r\n\t  \r\n\t  jQuery(\"#search_305\").on(\"keyup\", function() {\r\n\r\n\t  \tvar postID = \"305\";\r\n\t  \t\r\n\t  \tconsole.log(postID);\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\t    var value = jQuery(this).val().toLowerCase();\r\n\t    jQuery(\"#accordion_pro_\" + postID + \" .wpsm_panel-default\").filter(function() {\r\n\t      jQuery(this).toggle(jQuery(this).text().toLowerCase().indexOf(value) > -1)\r\n\t      jQuery('.noresults_' + postID).hide();\r\n\t      \r\n\t      var noResult = true;\r\n\t      jQuery(\"#accordion_pro_\" + postID + \" .wpsm_panel-default\").children('div').each(function () {\r\n\t      \tif (jQuery(this).children(':visible').length != 0) {\r\n\t        \tnoResult = false;\r\n\t        }\r\n\t      });   \r\n\t      if (noResult) {\r\n\t      \tjQuery('.noresults_' + postID).show();\r\n\t      }\r\n\t    });\r\n\t  });\r\n\t});\r\n<\/script>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h1>Image, Sound and Movement<\/h1>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>For a long time, anthropologists have been using both audio recordings and visual techniques to help them record their experiences during field work (including sketches\/drawings, diagrams, photos, film, and audio clips of interviews, singing and music).<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in;font-family: Calibri;font-size: 11.0pt\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/sel.fas.harvard.edu\/\"><span lang=\"en-AU\">This page<\/span><\/a><span lang=\"en-GB\"> shares the work of the &#8216;Sensory Ethnography&#8217; lab, that deals with all of these areas and more, including cutting edge digital techniques.\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-GB\">And <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/illustratinganthropology.com\/learning-pack\/\"><span lang=\"en-AU\">here<\/span><\/a><span lang=\"en-GB\"> you will find a &#8216;learning pack&#8217; (for both teachers and students) focused on the variety of ways illustration can be used by anthropologists.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>This visual and audio material has often played a supplementary role in the final written work. However, some anthropologists aim to make the visual and\/or the aural the centre of their project at <em>all<\/em> stages of their research &#8211; from creative means of data collection, to artistic work in research dissemination &#8211; recognising that vision and sound contribute different types of cultural understandings altogether. For this reason, <strong>visual anthropology <\/strong>and<strong> sounded anthropology<\/strong>\u00a0are acknowledged as their own sub-disciplines. Visual and sounded ethnographies, in the forms of films, soundscapes, musical performances, photos or art exhibitions, contribute richly to the field.<\/p>\n<p>Movement is yet another way people share and create cultural meaning and can be overlooked when it comes to ethnographic research. By itself, or combined with visual and\/or sound techniques, movement through dance and other forms of performance can also be part of ethnography.<\/p>\n<p>Below we provide examples and links that further unpack imagery, sound and movement as vital ways to communicate our knowledge as anthropologists.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\t\t<style>\r\n\t#wps_accordion_pro_333{\r\n\t\toverflow:hidden;\r\n\t\tdisplay:block;\r\n\t\twidth:100%;\r\n\t\tmargin-bottom:30px;\r\n\t}\r\n\t#accordion_pro_333 .wpsm_panel-title {\r\n\t\tmargin-top: 0px !important;\r\n\t\tmargin-bottom: 0px !important;\r\n\t\tpadding-top: 0px !important;\r\n\t\tpadding-bottom: 0px !important;\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t#accordion_pro_333 .wpsm_panel-title > a{\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\tborder-bottom: 0px !important;\r\n\t\ttext-decoration:none !important;\r\n\t\toutline: none !important;\r\n\t\tbox-shadow:none !important;\r\n\t}\r\n\t#accordion_pro_333 .ac_title_icon{\r\n\t\tmargin-right:8px;\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\/* css files 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\twidth: 18px !important;\r\n\theight: 18px !important;\r\n\tvertical-align: middle !important;\r\n\tmargin-left: 0 !important;\r\n\tmargin-top: 0 !important;\r\n\tmargin-bottom: 0 !important;\r\n}\r\n#accordion_pro_333 .wpsm_panel-title > a:focus{\r\n    text-decoration: none !important;\r\n    outline: none !important;\r\n}\r\n#accordion_pro_333 .wpsm_panel-title > a:after,\r\n#accordion_pro_333 .wpsm_panel-title > a.collapsed:after{\r\n    content: \"\\f068\" !important;\r\n    font-family: FontAwesome !important;\r\n\tcolor: #ffffff !important;\r\n    background: #000000 !important;\r\n    font-size: 17px !important;\r\n    position: absolute !important;\r\n    left:0px !important;\r\n    top:0 !important;\r\n    padding: 14.5px !important;\r\n\theight:100% !important;\r\n\ttransition:0.4s ease !important;\r\n}\r\n#accordion_pro_333 .wpsm_panel-title > a.collapsed:after{\r\n    content: \"\\f067\" !important;\r\n\tcolor:#000000 !important;\r\n\tbackground:#ffffff !important;\r\n}\r\n#accordion_pro_333 .wpsm_panel-title > a.collapsed:hover:after{\r\n   color: #ffffff !important;\r\n    background: #000000 !important;\r\n}\r\n#accordion_pro_333 .wpsm_panel-title > a.collapsed{\r\n    background: #ffffff !important;\r\n\tcolor: #000000 !important;\r\n}\r\n#accordion_pro_333 .wpsm_panel-title > a.collapsed > i{\r\n    color: #000000 !important;\r\n}\r\n#accordion_pro_333 .wpsm_panel-title > a.collapsed:hover{\r\n    color:#ffffff !important;\r\n    background:#801fc1 !important;\r\n}\r\n#accordion_pro_333 .wpsm_panel-title > a.collapsed:hover i{\r\n    color:#ffffff !important;\r\n}\r\n#accordion_pro_333 .wpsm_panel-body{\r\n    background:#ffffff !important;\r\n\tcolor:#000000 !important;\r\n\tfont-size:16px !important;\r\n\tline-height: 26px !important;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#accordion_pro_333 .wpsm_panel-body p{\r\n\tcolor:#000000 !important;\r\n\tfont-size:16px !important;\r\n\tline-height: 26px !important;\r\n}\r\n#accordion_pro_333 .wpsm_panel-default > .wpsm_panel-heading + .wpsm_panel-collapse > .wpsm_panel-body{\r\n    border-top: 1px solid #cccccc !important;\r\n}\r\n#accordion_pro_333 .wpsm_panel-title > p{\r\n    display: block !important;\r\n        padding: 15px 15px 15px 60px !important;\r\n\t    position: relative !important;\r\n    background:#801fc1 !important;\r\n\tfont-size: 18px !important;\r\n    transition:0.4s ease !important;\r\n    box-shadow:none !important;\r\n\tline-height:1.5 !important;\r\n\tfont-weight:500 !important;\r\n}\r\n#offset_333 .wpsm_panel-title > p{\r\n\tmargin-bottom: 0;\r\n\tmargin-top: 0;\r\n}\r\n#accordion_pro_333 .wpsm_panel-title > p{\r\n    background: #ffffff !important;\r\n\tcolor: #000000 !important;\r\n}\r\n.wpsm_panel-heading{\r\n\tpadding: 0;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t#accordion_pro_333 .wpsm_panel-title a, #accordion_pro_333 .wpsm_panel-title a:hover, #accordion_pro_333 .wpsm_panel-title a.collapsed, #accordion_pro_333 .wpsm_panel-title a.collapsed:hover {\r\n\t\t\t\tbackground-image: url(https:\/\/blogs.otago.ac.nz\/anthnav\/wp-content\/plugins\/accordion-pro\/assets\/images\/style-glass.png) !important;\r\n\t\t\t\tbackground-position: 0 50%;\r\n\t\t\t\tbackground-repeat: repeat-x;\r\n\t\t\t}\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\/* open close icon option *\/\r\n\t\t\r\n\t#accordion_pro_333 .wpsm_panel {\r\n\t\tbackground-color:transparent !important;\r\n\t\t\t\t\tmargin-bottom:10px !important;\r\n\t\t\t\tmargin-top:0px !important;\r\n\t}\r\n\t#accordion_pro_333 .collapsing {\r\n\t\ttransition: height 0.6s;\r\n\t}\r\n\t#accordion_pro_333 .wpsm_panel-body_inner{\r\n\t\toverflow:hidden;\r\n\t\tdisplay:block;\r\n\t\t\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t\t#accordion_pro_333 .wpsm_panel-body{\r\n\t\tfont-family:Arial !important;\r\n\t}\r\n\t#accordion_pro_333 .wpsm_panel-title a{\r\n\t\tfont-family:Arial !important;\r\n\t}\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\r\n\t#search_333{\r\n\t    margin: 40px 0px;\r\n\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t    padding: 15px 12px;\r\n\t    border-radius: 3px;\r\n\t    border: 1px solid #e5e5e5 !important;\r\n\t    background: #fafafa !important;\r\n\t}\r\n\t#search_333.search_dark{\r\n    background: #464646 !important;\r\n    color: #fff !important;\r\n\t}\r\n\t#search_333.search_dark::placeholder{\r\n\t\tcolor: #d3d3d3;\r\n\t}\r\n\r\n\t\t\r\n\t<\/style>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t<div id=\"wps_accordion_pro_333\"  >\r\n\t\t\t  <div class=\"noresults_333 wpsm_panel-group\" style=\"display: none;\" id=\"accordion_pro_333\" role=\"tablist\" aria-multiselectable=\"true\">\r\n\t\t  \t<div class=\"wpsm_panel panel\" id=\"offset_333\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpsm_panel-heading\" role=\"tab\" id=\"heading_333\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"wpsm_panel-title\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>No Result<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<div class=\"wpsm_panel-group\" id=\"accordion_pro_333\" role=\"tablist\" aria-multiselectable=\"true\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpsm_panel panel wpsm_panel-default\" id=\"offset_333_1\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpsm_panel-heading\" role=\"tab\" id=\"heading_333_1\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"wpsm_panel-title\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a  role=\"button\"  data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion_pro_333\" href=\"#collapse_333_1\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"collapse_333_1\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fa fa-laptop ac_title_icon\"><\/i> \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tImage\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"collapse_333_1\" class=\"wpsm_panel-collapse collapse in\" role=\"tabwpsm_panel\" aria-labelledby=\"heading_333_1\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpsm_panel-body\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"#wpsm_acc_desc_333_1\" class=\"wpsm_panel-body_inner  animated fadeIn\"><div id=\"attachment_350\" style=\"width: 228px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.otago.ac.nz\/anthnav\/files\/2020\/05\/dead-birds.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-350\" class=\" wp-image-350\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.otago.ac.nz\/anthnav\/files\/2020\/05\/dead-birds.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"218\" height=\"309\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-350\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The poster for 'Dead Birds' (1963), a film about the Dani people of New Guinea, by visual anthropologist Robert Gardner.<\/p><\/div>\r\n\r\nFor doctoral student <a href=\"https:\/\/anthropology.washington.edu\/people\/christopher-chan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Christopher Chan<\/a>, Visual anthropology is all about \"understand[ing] the human through visual practices\" - as he states in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=rxqBLku5OOk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">this 6 min video,<\/a> showcasing a project called '100 years of Beauty.'\r\n\r\n <br \/>\r\n\r\n <br \/>\r\n\r\nThere is debate, of course, about what makes an image or film 'ethnographic' (rather than just journalistic), and where the line between art and ethnography is. There is also debate about what makes something an 'authentic' representation of a particular people or place. The controversy about <a href=\"https:\/\/hyperallergic.com\/28555\/capitalist-realism-or-poverty-porn\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Shelby Lee Adams' photographs<\/a> of often-stereotyped Appalachian ('hillbilly') people, taps into a lot of this debate, as per the linked article. There's no simple answer, but broadly speaking it is as much about the process and methods through which a visual text is arrived at, as it is about the final form.\r\n\r\n <br \/>\r\n\r\n <br \/>\r\n\r\nThis <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Tq1S4h19IQw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">3.5min video<\/a> featuring Associate Professor <a href=\"http:\/\/www.niea.unsw.edu.au\/people\/associate-professor-jennifer-biddle\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jennifer Biddle\u00a0<\/a>highlights visual anthropology's focus on innovative methodologies (often <strong>collaborative <\/strong>and <strong>applied<\/strong>) in the process of research.\r\n\r\n<span lang=\"en-GB\">But visual ethnography doesn't always have to be high tech, and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/illustratinganthropology.com\/learning-pack\/\"><span lang=\"en-AU\">here<\/span><\/a><span lang=\"en-GB\"> you will find a 'learning pack' (for both teachers and students) focused on the variety of accessible ways illustration can be used by anthropologists.<\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpsm_panel panel wpsm_panel-default\" id=\"offset_333_2\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpsm_panel-heading\" role=\"tab\" id=\"heading_333_2\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"wpsm_panel-title\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a  role=\"button\" class=collapsed data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion_pro_333\" href=\"#collapse_333_2\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"collapse_333_2\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fa fa-music ac_title_icon\"><\/i> \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSound\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"collapse_333_2\" class=\"wpsm_panel-collapse collapse \" role=\"tabwpsm_panel\" aria-labelledby=\"heading_333_2\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpsm_panel-body\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"#wpsm_acc_desc_333_2\" class=\"wpsm_panel-body_inner  animated fadeIn\"><div style=\"width: 432px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a title=\"Simon Claessen \/ CC BY-SA (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/2.0)\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Listening_in._Installation_by_Pauline_Fokkelman_at_Kadmium,_Delft_2016.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/66\/Listening_in._Installation_by_Pauline_Fokkelman_at_Kadmium%2C_Delft_2016.jpg\/512px-Listening_in._Installation_by_Pauline_Fokkelman_at_Kadmium%2C_Delft_2016.jpg\" alt=\"Listening in. Installation by Pauline Fokkelman at Kadmium, Delft 2016\" width=\"422\" height=\"285\" \/><\/a><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Listening in. Installation by Pauline Fokkelman at Kadmium, Delft 2016. Image source: Simon Claessen (CC BY-SA), orginally posted to Flickr (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/2.0).<\/p><\/div>\r\n\r\nRecently, there has been a call for anthropologists to pay closer attention to soundscapes and the cultural knowledge or politics involved in the way we listen, how sound is produced, what we hear, and <em>how<\/em> we hear.\r\n\r\n <br \/>\r\n\r\n <br \/>\r\n\r\nAn early example of an anthropologist interested in sound is Zora Neale Hurston. As heard in <a href=\"https:\/\/whyy.org\/segments\/novelist-zora-neale-hurston-was-a-cultural-anthropologist-first\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">this 10min podcast<\/a> (00:37 seconds in) about her work, Zora collected, sang and recorded folk-songs in the Southern US. Many of the audio recordings she made are available in the archives of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.loc.gov\/folklife\/guides\/Hurston.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Library of Congress<\/a>).\r\n\r\n <br \/>\r\n\r\n <br \/>\r\n\r\nLike images, sound can capture things different to and beyond the written, in a potent way, that puts human experiences into specific social context. Not just composed music, but mundane sounds can do this. For example, the way this soundscape called '<a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.otago.ac.nz\/inplural\/2019\/07\/15\/women-and-fear-an-ethnographic-soundscape\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">women walking alone<\/a>' (produced by an Otago undergraduate student) evokes feelings of fear or apprehension\u00a0that have a specific social and historical context: specific gendered patterns of violence, and also in this case, to public and urban environments.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpsm_panel panel wpsm_panel-default\" id=\"offset_333_3\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpsm_panel-heading\" role=\"tab\" id=\"heading_333_3\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"wpsm_panel-title\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a  role=\"button\" class=collapsed data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion_pro_333\" href=\"#collapse_333_3\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"collapse_333_3\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fa fa-child ac_title_icon\"><\/i> \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMovement and Dance\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"collapse_333_3\" class=\"wpsm_panel-collapse collapse \" role=\"tabwpsm_panel\" aria-labelledby=\"heading_333_3\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpsm_panel-body\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"#wpsm_acc_desc_333_3\" class=\"wpsm_panel-body_inner  animated fadeIn\"><div id=\"attachment_302\" style=\"width: 243px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.otago.ac.nz\/anthnav\/files\/2020\/05\/Katherine_Dunham.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-302\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-302\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.otago.ac.nz\/anthnav\/files\/2020\/05\/Katherine_Dunham-233x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"233\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.otago.ac.nz\/anthnav\/files\/2020\/05\/Katherine_Dunham-233x300.jpg 233w, https:\/\/blogs.otago.ac.nz\/anthnav\/files\/2020\/05\/Katherine_Dunham-768x988.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.otago.ac.nz\/anthnav\/files\/2020\/05\/Katherine_Dunham-796x1024.jpg 796w, https:\/\/blogs.otago.ac.nz\/anthnav\/files\/2020\/05\/Katherine_Dunham.jpg 1972w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 233px) 100vw, 233px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-302\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Katherine Dunham (Source: Phyllis Twachtman, World Telegram staff photographer \/ Public domain)<\/p><\/div>\r\n\r\nCulture is embodied - meaning it is carried, held, remembered, performed in\/through our bodies.\r\n\r\nAlthough anthropologists in lots of fields acknowledge this, and write about it, sometimes words alone cannot capture this <em>felt <\/em>knowledge.\r\n\r\nDance anthropologists are experts in researching and communicating cultural knowledge through movement, with pioneers in the field - such as Katherine Dunham - combining their anthropological understandings with their love of dance to create wonderfully rich and meaningful performances.\r\n\r\n <br \/>\r\n\r\n <br \/>\r\n\r\nIn <a href=\"https:\/\/www.loc.gov\/item\/ihas.200003845\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">this 40sec video clip<\/a>, Katherine Dunham describes one of the motivations behind the 'Dunham Technique', and <a href=\"https:\/\/fr-fr.facebook.com\/CCCADI\/videos\/katherine-dunham-and-company-performs-west-indian-creole-music-in-form-of-ballet\/10156149879791797\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">this short clip<\/a> shows her performing with her company at the Cambridge Theatre, in London (1952). You can find out more about Katherine Dunham by exploring this <a href=\"https:\/\/www.loc.gov\/collections\/katherine-dunham\/articles-and-essays\/katherine-dunham-timeline\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">timeline<\/a> of her life.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\t\r\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\">\r\n\r\n\t\tjQuery(document).ready(function(){\r\n\t  jQuery('.noresults_333').hide();\r\n\t  \r\n\t  jQuery(\"#search_333\").on(\"keyup\", function() {\r\n\r\n\t  \tvar postID = \"333\";\r\n\t  \t\r\n\t  \tconsole.log(postID);\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\t    var value = jQuery(this).val().toLowerCase();\r\n\t    jQuery(\"#accordion_pro_\" + postID + \" .wpsm_panel-default\").filter(function() {\r\n\t      jQuery(this).toggle(jQuery(this).text().toLowerCase().indexOf(value) > -1)\r\n\t      jQuery('.noresults_' + postID).hide();\r\n\t      \r\n\t      var noResult = true;\r\n\t      jQuery(\"#accordion_pro_\" + postID + \" .wpsm_panel-default\").children('div').each(function () {\r\n\t      \tif (jQuery(this).children(':visible').length != 0) {\r\n\t        \tnoResult = false;\r\n\t        }\r\n\t      });   \r\n\t      if (noResult) {\r\n\t      \tjQuery('.noresults_' + postID).show();\r\n\t      }\r\n\t    });\r\n\t  });\r\n\t});\r\n<\/script>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Social anthropologists have the tricky task of communicating knowledge about complex cultural and social lifeworlds. In some fundamental ways \u201cAnthropology is a writing discipline\u201d, as Carol McGranahan discusses in this book (just click &#8216;read the introduction&#8217;). This is because writing [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":39388,"featured_media":0,"parent":51,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-108","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.otago.ac.nz\/anthnav\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/108","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.otago.ac.nz\/anthnav\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.otago.ac.nz\/anthnav\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.otago.ac.nz\/anthnav\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/39388"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.otago.ac.nz\/anthnav\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=108"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.otago.ac.nz\/anthnav\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/108\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.otago.ac.nz\/anthnav\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/51"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.otago.ac.nz\/anthnav\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=108"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}